Zhaoheng Ling, Mohamad Insan Nugraha, Wisnu Tantyo Hadmojo, Yuanbao Lin, Sang Young Jeong, Emre Yengel, Hendrik Faber, Hua Tang, Frédéric Laquai, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Xiaoming Chang, Temur Maksudov, Murali Gedda, Han Young Woo, Iain McCulloch, Martin Heeney, Leonidas Tsetseris, and Thomas D. Anthopoulos
ACS Energy Letters 2023 8 (10), 4104-4112
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01254
This study explores the use of ethyl viologen (EV) and methyl viologen (MV) as n-type dopants in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Incorporating these dopants into a ternary blend significantly improves OPV performance, with PCEs up to 19.03%. EV and MV enhance microstructure and absorption, balance carrier mobility, and reduce recombination, offering a promising route for advanced OPV efficiency.
How Paios Was used
In the study, Paios from Fluxim was employed for various measurements in both steady-state and transient modes. Specifically, it was used for Transient Photo-Voltage (TPV) measurements to observe photovoltage decay under small optical perturbations and various light-intensity biases. This helped in analyzing bimolecular charge carrier recombination. Additionally, Photo-CELIV measurements and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted using PAIOS, the latter under an open circuit voltage in the dark across a frequency range of 3 MHz to 300 Hz