Powerful Software
Sweep Measurement Parameter
Sweeping means that your measurement is performed several times with one or two parameters being varied. Paios allows to graphically inspect the measurement data easily with a sweep slider.
Data Management and Comparison
Paios is more than a measurement tool. Paios acquires systematic data of dozens of devices and lets you compare them in the Paios software. Learn from your experiments without tedious manual processing of data with Matlab or Origin.

User-Defined Signals
Design your own transient experiments using the Paios signal editor.
A new idea for an experiment can easily be tested.

Correct RC-Effects
RC-effects are superimposed on the device current and can significantly disturb transient experiments.
Paios provides routines to extract the series resistance and the geometric capacitance of the device. With these values the displacement current is calculated and the current can be corrected for the RC-effects.
Flexible Time-Resolution

Flex-res: The time resolution of the transient-measurement is varied logarithmically to obtain a very high dynamic range
Traditional measurement setups using linear time sampling can only resolve about 3 orders of magnitude in time.
Paios measures up to 8 orders of magnitude in time in one shot.
This feature is especially useful for perovskite solar cells. Perovskite solar cells exhibit an extraordinarily broad dynamic range from microseconds to minutes. These time dynamics can be resolved with the feature Flex-Res of Paios.
Perovskite: Device Preconditioning
precondition a perovskite solar cell: The voltage adjusts mobile ions prior to a light pulse experiment
Paios can precondition the device with voltage, current or illumination and perform the experiments directly afterwards increasing reproducibility.
The response of perovskite solar cells depends on the «internal state» of the device prior to the measurement. This leads to a hysteresis in the IV curve. Use preconditioning to investigate the effect of mobile ions, ferroelectricity or deep trap sites.
Postprocessing
Paios comes with flexible and user-friendly post-processing routines included. This enables to easily analyze experiments and extract parameters even for novice users.
Charge Carrier Mobility form photo-CELIV
Extract the charge carrier mobility of solar cells using the photo-CELIV experiment.
Doping Density from Dark-CELIV
The dark-CELIV overshoot is integrated (shown in blue) to obtain the doping density.
Phosphorescence Lifetime from TEL
Extract the luminescense lifetime of OLEDs from EL turn-off.
Permittivity from Voltage Pulse
A voltage pulse in reverse allows to extract the capacitance and the permittivity.
Equivalent Circuit Fitting
Impedance spectroscopy data is often analysed with equivalent circuits. In Paios all kind of cricuits can be fitting to the measurement data.
Charge Carrier Mobility from Mott-Gurney
In monopolar devices the charge carrier mobility can be extracted from an IV-curve using a SCLC-fit.
Doping Density from Mott-Schottky
With a Mott-Schottky analysis the doping density of a semiconductor can be extracted (provided the device is thick enough).
Basic Solar Cell Parameters
Extract short-circuit current, open-circuit-voltage, the MMP and the fill factor of a solar cell.
Mobility from Transient Electroluminescence
Extracts the mobility from the delay time between voltage and EL turn-on of an OLED.
Series Resistance from Impedance
A very reliable method to extract the series resistance and the geometric capacitance from impedance data.
Recombination from photo-CELIV
Extracts the recombination coefficient from photo-CELIV or charge extraction measurement with varied delay-time.
Transport-Time from IMPS
Easily determine the IMPS transport-time that describes how fast charges reach the contacts.
Specifications of Paios
Sampling-rate | 60 MS/s |
Time resolution | 16 ns |
Voltage range | ± 10 V |
Extended voltage range (SMU-module, up to 1 kHz) |
± 60 V |
Frequency range impedance spectroscopy |
10 mHz to 10 MHz |
Minimal resolvable current | < 10 pA |
Maximum current | 100 mA |
LED rise/fall time (PV version) | 100 ns |
Illumination area (PV version) | 1.7 cm2 |
Measurement resolution | 12 Bit |
Computer Connection | PXI and USB |
Weight | 15 kg |
Dimensions | 40 x 30 x 20 cm3 |
Screenshots
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Download Flyer
The Paios flyer contains all detailed specifications about the Paios hardware, software, all the measurement techniques and the modules.