Research Paper:Emerging strategies for the large-scale fabrication of perovskite solar modules: from design to process

Scientific Summary

This comprehensive review systematically summarizes emerging strategies for the large-scale fabrication of perovskite solar modules (PSMs), from fundamental theoretical principles to practical processing applications. It addresses the critical challenge of scaling up perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from lab-scale efficiencies (up to 26.7%) to commercially viable large-area modules, overcoming issues like film inhomogeneity and defects. The review highlights various deposition techniques, including solution-based methods (blade coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, screen printing) and solvent-free methods (chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition), which are explored to enhance film quality and uniformity. Key findings include the identification of blade coating and slot-die coating as robust tools for industrialisation, striking a balance between manufacturing efficiency and device performance. Strategies like solvent engineering, additive engineering, and interface modification are crucial for improving crystallization, carrier transport, and intrinsic stability. The paper also discusses the importance of laser scribing for series connections in PSMs, achieving high geometric fill factors, and the necessity of advanced encapsulation technologies and standardized stability tests (e.g., ISOS protocols) for commercial deployment.

Publication Details

Kang, B. and Yan, F. (2025), Emerging strategies for the large-scale fabrication of perovskite solar modules: from design to process. Energy Environ. Sci., 18: 3917. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05613b.

Fluxim Tools Used

The review paper mentions Fluxim's SETFOS and LAOSS as "solar module design software [that] provide rapid structural aids".

Why it Matters

This comprehensive review is crucial for accelerating the commercialisation of high-efficiency perovskite solar modules (PSMs) by systematically addressing the significant challenges of large-scale fabrication. By consolidating emerging strategies for deposition techniques, material engineering (solvent, additive, interface modifications), and critical device aspects like scribing and encapsulation, the work provides a vital roadmap for researchers and industry. The insights into achieving uniform, stable films and efficient module designs are indispensable for developing sustainable, cost-effective, and high-performance next-generation photovoltaic technologies.